Lesson 5 Prepositions

I. A spatial diagram (2/3 of all major prepositions)

II. Forms - no inflection, but note:

1. elision: when a final vowel comes before another vowel
   e.g., διὰ ἐμοῦ ‣ δι' ἐμοῦ (John 14:6)
2. aspiration: when a stop comes before a rough breathing
   e.g., ἀπὸ ἀρχῆς ‣ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς (Matt 19:8)
   e.g., ἀπὸ ὑμῶν ‣ ἀφ' ὑμῶν (Matt 21:43)
3. when ἐκ comes before a vowel
   e.g., οὐκ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ (Rom 2:29)

III. Prepositions and the Greek Case

1. The meaning of a preposition depends on the case of its object.
2. The case decides the function; the preposition defines it more clearly.

   with ablative:	παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ	from the side of God
   with locative:	παρὰ τῷ θεῷ	by the side of God
   with accusative:	παρὰ τὸν θεόν	alongside of God

   2Cor 6:2 καιρῷ ἐπήκουσά σου καὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σωτηρίας ἐβοήθησά σοι.
   At the acceptable time I heard you, and in the day of salvation I helped you.

IV. Uses

1. Compound verbs
   e.g., βάλλω = throw, ἐκβάλλω = throw out
   3Jn 1:10 καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκβάλλει. (Note the repeating of preposition)
2. Prepositional phrases
   - usually adverbial
   - diagramming prepositional phrases (see Diagramming guide)

Examples

Rev. Chiu's New Year sermon outline:

1. Past: Without Christ (Eph 2:12) χωρὶς Χριστοῦ
2. Present: In Christ (2Cor 5:17) ἐν Χριστῷ
3. Future: With Christ (Phil 3:12) σὺν Χριστῷ

New Testament books:

• Κατὰ Μαθθαῖον, Κατὰ Μᾶρκον, Κατὰ Λουκᾶν, Κατὰ Ἰωάννην
• Πρὸς Ῥωμαίους, Πρὸς Κορινθίους Α', ... Πρὸς Ἑβραίους

John 1:1 Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.

Phil 4:4 Χαίρετε (rejoice!) ἐν κυρίῳ πάντοτε (always).

Matt 1:23 Ἐμμανουήλ (עִמָּנוּ אֵל) = μεθ' ἡμῶν ὁ θεός.

Rom 8:31 εἰ (if) ὁ θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς (who) καθ' ἡμῶν;

Rom 11:36 ὅτι ἐξ αὐτοῦ καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτόν τὰ πάντα (all).
 
 
 

Assignments
Vocabulary. Exercise.